Submissions

Author Guidelines

Authors are advised to read the rules and regulations below and then edit their manuscript following the relevant ones before sending it to JSOMER. Manuscripts can only be submitted through the the JSOMER’s online manuscript submission and evaluation system. Manuscripts submitted via any other medium and submissions by anyone other than one of the authors will not be evaluated.

Dear authors, please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any hesitation during the manuscript submission process to JSOMER.

editor@jsomer.org   

jsomerjournal@gmail.com

Research & Reporting Guidelines

Before submission, authors can consult EASE Guidelines for Authors and Translators to produce clear, concise and accurate manuscripts that are easy to understand and free of common errors and pitfalls. The JSOMER  encourages authors to follow the ‘Sex and Gender Equity in Research – SAGER – guidelines’ when preparing their manuscripts to promote the inclusion of sex and gender considerations in research.

Manuscripts submitted to JSOMER should conform to the following guidelines as appropriate:

• CONSORT guidelines for Randomized Controlled Trials http://www.consort-statement.org/
• STROBE (& MOOSE) guidelines for observational studies http://www.strobe-statement.org/ (Word Doc Version w/ line numbers)
• Nonrandomized evaluations of behavioral and public health interventions: TREND guidelines
• PRISMA (& MOOSE) guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses http://www.prisma-statement.org/, with use of the RECORD extension for studies that use routinely collected health data (e.g., disease registries, eMR, administrative data)
• Genetic association studies: STREGA
• TRIPOD checklist for reporting of studies developing, validating, or updating a prediction model, including machine learning studies https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/tripod-statement/
• Disparities Research Guidelines https://www.ahajournals.org/disparities-research-guidelines
• Qualitative research: SRQR guidelines
• ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal research https://arriveguidelines.org/
• Studies on diagnostic accuracy: STARD guidelines
• NIH principles and guidelines for reporting preclinical research http://www.nih.gov/about/reporting-preclinical-research.htm

To find the right guideline for your research, please complete the questionnaire by Equator Network here.

Article Types

• Original (Research) Article
• Review Article
• Brief Report
• Book Review
• Letter to Editor

Submission Files

1. Title Page
2. Anonymous Manuscript
3. Plagiarism Report
4. Ethics Committee Approval

Formal Arrangements

• Check List
• General Formatting Rules
• Citations and References

Original (Research) Article

Reports of original research, with methods, results, and conclusions. Research articles should report on original primary research or computational methods or new experimental, tests or procedures. In original articles, the abstract should not be longer than 350 words. The full text of the article, including all elements (abstract, references, and appendices) of the text, should be no more than 10000 words. In exceptional cases, do not hesitate to get in touch with the editor. <top>

Review Article 

Overview of developments in fields or the current lines of thought. Synthesizes multiple sources of information and has a long list of references. Emphasis is more factual and less on opinion. Scoping review, narrative review, meta-synthesis, systematic review, meta-analysis, and other review studies are considered review articles. In review articles, the abstract should not be longer than 350 words. The full text of the article, including all elements of the text, should be no more than 10000 words. In exceptional cases, do not hesitate to get in touch with the editor.  <top>

Brief Report

With shorter references and fewer tables/figures. Must meet the demands of scientific rigour required of a JSOMER article but can be preliminary findings. The abstract should not exceed 350 words. The entire article, including the abstract, bibliography and appendices, should not exceed 4000 words. In exceptional cases, do not hesitate to get in touch with the editor.  <top>

Book Review

JSOMER also publishes book review papers. The board of editors thinks that review works are valuable parts of scientific and academic studies/publications. The critics and reviews of the books written in English are accepted. The review papers published in JSOMER are given DOI (Digital Object Identifier) numbers and sent to the databases indexing JSOMER.  <top>

What is a book review paper?
A review paper is a text which introduces a book, an article, or a compilation to a wider audience through discussing, criticising, and constructively interpreting its content and structure. A book review is different from a book report. A book report acknowledges just the content of the book, while the content stands for only a small part of an academic review paper. A book review is expected to criticise and comment on the content, method, and structure of the text in hand constructively. It also needs to review the thoughts critically, discuss the consistency of the thoughts, and how the sources and resources are used.

Writing the review
The author needs to ensure that the content of the review includes these points:
A brief, impressive introduction of the topic/subject, and the discussion of the text under consideration;
A summary of the original text;
Presenting the inferences made from the text, and the strengths and weaknesses it referring to the logical order of thoughts;
A discussion and conclusion part consisting of the reviewer's viewpoints concerning the original text.

The format of the book review
The formatting requirements presented for research articles are also valid for book reviews. Thus, the writing rules and citation style must be addressed. The title of a book review paper must be different from the title of the book reviewed. The issues listed below must be included in the book review paper.
The author(s) or editor(s) name, and surname (it must be stated if the text is a compilation)
The title of the book
Publication year
The place it published
The publisher
Number of pages in total
The Review Process of the Book Reviews

JSOMER prioritises the reviews of those books or texts published within the last five years. Demanding the review of their publication(s), the publisher(s) or the author(s) should send a request to JSOMER by sending an e-mail to editor@jsomer.org Since book reviews are given a limited place in journal issues, monographs authored by individuals are given priority. Other types of reviews come after the monographs. The review of textbooks and handbooks is not published in JSOMER. There should not be any personal connection between the author(s) of the original text and the reviewer (working at the same department chair, thesis jury membership, close friends, etc.).

Letter to Editor

A letter, or response to a letter, sent to the journal to raise a point of interest, discuss a difference of opinion, or encourage participation. Express points of view on scientific matters and should not exceed 2000 words. Authors should email the Editor-in-Chief or editors before submitting this type of paper.   <top>

Submission Files   

1. Title Page

Introductory information about the authors of the manuscript (File Type= Title Page), (File Format: .doc or .docx) Title Page Template

The title page consists of the following headings. Please fill in the required fields in the title page template and upload it to the system.
Cover Letter (Optional): What is the main strength of your article? You can write the points you want to convey to the editors in this section.
Title: The title of the article should be short and clear. Including a few keywords in the title is important for accessibility. Avoid abbreviations, formulas and numbers in the title.
Running Head: It should not exceed six words—an abbreviated version of the article title.
Type of the Article: Please select your article type (Original Article, Review Article, Brief Report, Book Review, Letter to Editor)
Authors and Affiliations + ORCIDs of all authors: Author names, institutional information, and address information (e-mail) should be given in author order.
Corresponding author and address: Full Name, and contact information including address, phone, e-mail address, and Twitter or Instagram (optional) (so we can use it to disseminate your article if accepted).
Presentation(s) or Awards at a meeting: Provide the name of the organization, place, and date.
Acknowledgement(s): Verify and confirm that everyone who contributed to this manuscript is either listed as an author or acknowledged as a contributor in the acknowledgement section and that the title page details any professional writing assistance or others paid to provide manuscript support.
Source(s) of Support and Funding: Acknowledge all organizations that funded your research and provide grant numbers where appropriate. The statement should include specific grant numbers, Initials of authors who received each award, full names of commercial companies that funded the study or authors, initials of authors who received salary or other funding from commercial companies, and URLs to sponsors’ websites.
If the study was unfunded, please state: “The author(s) did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.”
Conflict of Interest Statement: Please disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) your work. If no such conflict of interest exists; please state: “The authors declare no conflict of interest”.
Author Contributions Statement (CRedIT Statement): Authorship provides credit for a researcher’s contributions to a study and carries accountability. Check the Authorship section above. The individual contributions of authors to the manuscript should be specified in this section so readers can judge that the authorship criteria for each author have been met, and who is accountable for which section of the article. This list may be revised according to the research and article type. We encourage the use of Contributor Role Taxonomy (CRediT) for listing author contributions – for details check: https://casrai.org/credit/
Possible contributor roles that you may use are listed below. Multiple roles are possible and encouraged. Authors should be mentioned with their INITIALS, after each role. 

• Conceptualization– Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims.
• Data curation– Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later re-use.
• Formal analysis– Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze or synthesize study data.
• Funding acquisition​- Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication.
• Investigation– ​Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection.
• Methodology– Development or design of methodology; creation of models.
• Project administration– Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution.
• Resources– Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools.
• Software– Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components.
• Supervision– Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team.
• Validation– Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs.
• Visualization– Preparation, creation, and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data presentation.
• Writing – original draft– ​Preparation, creation, and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation).
• Writing – review & editing– Preparation, creation, and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary, or revision – including pre- or post-publication stages.
• While preparing the statement, follow the below principles:
• List all Contributions– All contributions should be listed, whether from those listed as authors or individuals named in acknowledgements;
• Multiple Roles Possible– Individual contributors can be assigned multiple roles, and a given role can be assigned to multiple contributors;
• Degree of Contribution Optional– Where multiple individuals serve in the same role, the degree of contribution can optionally be specified as ‘lead’, ‘equal’, or ‘supporting’;
• Shared Responsibility– Corresponding authors should assume responsibility for role assignment, and all contributors should be allowed to review and confirm assigned roles.

An example of an Authors’ Contribution statement using CRediT:
First Author: Conceptualization, methodology, software, investigation, validation, writing- original draft preparation, writing - review & editing, data curation. Second Author: Data curation, writing-original draft preparation, investigation, validation, formal analysis. Third Author: Data curation, writing-original draft preparation.

Ethical Approval: All manuscripts submitted to JSOMER, which use data provided by human subjects/participants, are required to ensure that they have already gone under investigation and gained the relevant Ethics Committee’s approval. The Ethics Committee's name, the approval date, and the approval number should be stated on the title page, the methods section, and the last page of the manuscript. The authors are also required to provide evidence (i.e., getting permission from the relevant persons or bodies, when using questionnaires, scales, photos, or documents developed by others or belonging to others) that they obeyed the ethical rules and regulations during the data collection processes (in the Methods section of the Manuscript File. The name of the board should not be written here for blinding purposes). Further, it must also be stated in the manuscripts that the authors followed the relevant publication ethics and copyright policies. If the study includes human and animal subjects, it must be stated that the research was conducted by international guidance, rules, regulations, and standards. The authors are not required to submit an Ethics Committee approval if they only submit a review study. In case of this, it must be stated on the first and last pages of the manuscripts and in the methods section that the current study does not require an Ethics Committee approval. The manuscripts including case reports should also provide the information that an informed consent form was read, approved, and signed by the participants.

In the Title Pages file under the "Ethical Approval" section. The name of the board, approval number, and approval date should be included here.

The second use of data collected from human participants for further research purposes is exempt from ethics committee approval. This applies to the reuse of data by the original collector of the data for a purpose different to that for which they were collected and reused by other researchers (unless these uses are specifically encompassed in the original consent). Researchers seeking to reuse data which they did not collect themselves, and which are not in the public domain, should always seek the permission of the data controller for their use and comply with any research governance procedures required by the data controller before accessing the data.

There are a number of cases in which ethical review for the re-use of data collected from human participants will not normally be required. These are:

1. The reuse of data which are already in the public domain (i.e. published in books, journals, etc.).
2. The reuse of datasets for which consent for reuse for research purposes beyond which the data was originally gathered was provided by the participants and for which all data have been robustly anonymised.        <top>

2. Anonymous Manuscript

The full text of your manuscript is prepared according to the JSOMER template. (File Type= Full Text), (File Format: .doc or .docx).
The uploaded "Anonymous Manuscript File" should include all the following sections:

• Title,
• Abstract,
• Keywords: At least 3, up to 5 keywords
• Blinded Main Text (Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Limitations, Conclusion)
• References,
• Tables: These should be embedded in the main document.
• Figures: These should be embedded in the main document

3. Similarity Report and Originality Assessment

3.1 Author-Supplied Similarity Report
Authors are requested to submit a complete similarity report corresponding to the final version of the manuscript uploaded to JSOMER.
The similarity report should preferably be obtained through the author’s university, research institution, employer, library, or another legitimate similarity-detection service available to the author without personal cost.
JSOMER does not require authors to purchase access to a commercial similarity-detection service. Authors who do not have institutional or other no-cost access to an appropriate service should explain this in the Comments to the Editor during submission.
The inability to provide a similarity report because of lack of access does not, by itself, result in administrative rejection, unfavorable editorial treatment, or exclusion from peer review.
The absence of a similarity report does not remove the authors’ responsibility to ensure the originality and integrity of the submitted manuscript.

3.2 Requirements for the Similarity Report
When a similarity report is available, authors should upload the complete report as a supplementary file for editorial use only. The report is not ordinarily shared with reviewers.
The report should:
• correspond to the same version of the manuscript submitted to JSOMER;
• identify the similarity-detection service used;
• include the date on which the report was generated;
• display the overall similarity score;
• provide the complete list of matched sources;
• show the matched passages within the manuscript;
• disclose any exclusions or filtering settings applied;
• be readable and complete;
• be submitted in PDF or another stable format; and
• not be altered, selectively edited, or limited to a summary page or screenshot.
A report that contains only the overall percentage, without matched passages or source information, may be considered insufficient for editorial evaluation.
The report should normally be generated from the full manuscript. Authors may exclude the bibliography and correctly formatted quotations if the similarity-detection service permits such settings, but all exclusions must be visible or disclosed in the report.

3.3 No Automatic Similarity Threshold
JSOMER does not apply a universal numerical similarity threshold for acceptance, rejection, or referral to peer review.
A similarity score is not a plagiarism score. A high similarity percentage does not necessarily establish plagiarism, and a low similarity percentage does not guarantee that a manuscript is original or free from research-integrity concerns.
Similarity may arise from:
• correctly cited quotations;
• reference lists;
• standard methodological descriptions;
• names of instruments or procedures;
• commonly used technical terminology;
• preprints, theses, dissertations, reports, or conference materials;
• legitimate reuse that has been disclosed appropriately;
• the authors’ previous work;
• several small matches distributed across many sources; or
• inappropriate copying, plagiarism, text recycling, or redundant publication.
The overall percentage is considered only one element of the editorial assessment.

3.4 Editorial Evaluation of Similarity
Editors assess the nature, source, context, location, extent, and scholarly significance of the identified overlap.
The editorial evaluation may consider:
• the sources associated with the matches;
• whether the original sources have been cited appropriately;
• whether quotation marks or block quotations have been used where required;
• the location of the matching material within the manuscript;
• whether the overlap occurs in the introduction, methodology, results, discussion, tables, figures, or conclusions;
• whether the overlap concerns standard language or original intellectual content;
• whether ideas, data, results, figures, interpretations, or conclusions have been reproduced;
• whether the matched material comes from the authors’ previous publications;
• whether related publications and earlier versions have been disclosed;
• whether the manuscript contains duplicate or redundant publication;
• whether the overlap represents legitimate reuse, inappropriate text recycling, plagiarism, or copyright infringement;
• whether the report appears complete and reliable; and
• whether further explanation or documentation is required.
Greater concern may arise when unattributed overlap involves original ideas, data, results, analyses, figures, tables, interpretations, or conclusions. A lower level of concern may apply to unavoidable overlap in standard terminology or routine methodological descriptions, provided that the wording and attribution remain appropriate.

3.5 Author Responsibility
All authors remain responsible for ensuring that:
• the manuscript is original;
• all sources are acknowledged accurately;
• quoted material is identified and cited appropriately;
• paraphrased material represents genuine rewriting rather than superficial word substitution;
• reused text, data, figures, tables, or other materials are disclosed;
• related and overlapping publications are identified;
• previous versions of the work are disclosed;
• third-party copyright is respected;
• the manuscript is not under consideration elsewhere; and
• the submission does not contain plagiarism, fabricated citations, duplicate publication, or misleading attribution.
Submission of a similarity report does not transfer responsibility for originality assessment from the authors to the journal. It also does not guarantee that the manuscript is free from plagiarism, inappropriate text recycling, redundant publication, fabricated references, improper data reuse, or other publication-integrity concerns.

3.6 Additional Editorial Checks
JSOMER may conduct additional manual or electronic originality checks when:
• the author-supplied report appears incomplete;
• the report does not correspond to the submitted manuscript;
• important sources appear to have been excluded;
• an editor or reviewer identifies potentially unattributed material;
• the manuscript contains unusual inconsistencies in language or citation;
• related publications have not been disclosed adequately;
• concerns arise during revision or production; or
• credible concerns are raised before or after publication.
The journal may request:
• a complete or replacement similarity report;
• clarification concerning specific matches;
• copies of related publications;
• an original thesis, dissertation, report, preprint, or conference paper;
• source data or supporting materials;
• an explanation of reused text or materials;
• evidence of permission for copyrighted content; or
• another document required to assess the concern.
Where resources permit, the journal may conduct an independent electronic check. However, the absence of an independent commercial similarity check does not prevent the editors from conducting a manual, documentary, or evidence-based assessment of potential overlap.

3.7 Authors Without Access to a Similarity Service
Authors who do not have institutional or other no-cost access to an appropriate similarity-detection service should include the following statement in the Comments to the Editor:
Similarity report statement: The authors do not have institutional or other no-cost access to an appropriate similarity-detection service and are therefore unable to provide a similarity report. The authors confirm that the manuscript is original, that all sources and reused materials have been acknowledged appropriately, and that all related or overlapping works have been disclosed.
The absence of a similarity report under these circumstances does not automatically prevent editorial assessment or peer review.
The editor may nevertheless suspend or decline the manuscript if credible originality concerns arise and the information required to investigate those concerns cannot be obtained.

3.8 Suspected Plagiarism or Redundant Publication
When potential plagiarism, inappropriate text recycling, duplicate publication, or redundant publication is identified, the editorial process may be suspended.
Depending on the nature and seriousness of the concern, the journal may:
• examine the matched sources;
• request an explanation from the corresponding author;
• contact all authors where appropriate;
• request corrected attribution or rewriting;
• request supporting documentation;
• reject or administratively withdraw the manuscript;
• refer the matter to the journal’s publication ethics procedures;
• contact an author’s institution or another appropriate body when justified; or
• take post-publication action if the concern is identified after publication.
Authors will normally be given an opportunity to respond before a final conclusion is reached, unless immediate action is required to protect confidentiality, legal rights, research participants, or the integrity of the editorial process.

3.9 Confidentiality of Similarity Reports
Similarity reports are treated as confidential editorial documents.
They are used solely for editorial assessment, research-integrity review, or related journal procedures. The reports are not published with the article and are not ordinarily shared with reviewers unless access is necessary to evaluate a specific concern and appropriate confidentiality safeguards are in place.
The journal may retain the report as part of the confidential editorial record.

4. Ethics Committee Approval

Ethics Committee Approval (Except review studies). (File Type= Ethics Committee Approval) (File Format: .pdf)  <top>

Check List:

• Manuscripts need to be anonymised before submission.
• Please make sure that the manuscript you send to JSOMER has not been sent to any other periodicals for review or publication.
• The manuscript has been formatted following the JSOMER template.
• The authors are responsible for conducting a plagiarism check of their manuscripts using one of the major plagiarism software and uploading its report to the JSOMER System. Any manuscript having a plagiarism rate of over 25 % will be returned to its authors.  <top>

General Formatting Rules

The font used in the entire manuscript should be Daytona or Times New Roman, font size 9. Page margins for the bottom and top should be pre-set as 2,5 cm, and for the right and left should be pre-set as 2,5 cm. The text should be justified with no hyphenation breaks in words at the end of a line. The text should be typed as a single-column document. Paragraphs and headings should not be indented but aligned with the main text. In between the paragraphs, single-line spacing should only be used.

Article titles should be boldfaced and centred in Roboto or Arial, font size 18. Please use capitals in initial letters only, excluding the conjunction words, articles, and prepositions. The main headings (INTRODUCTION, METHODS, RESULTS, AND DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS) should be written in Daytona or Times New Roman font size 12, with boldfaced capital letters, and centered. Single line spacing should be given before and after the main headings, but only before the sub-headings.  The subheadings should be written in bold but only the initials in capital letters, excluding conjunction words, articles, and prepositions. The subheadings must be in a standardized form not including any type of hierarchical order. So, the headings in the manuscripts should not be numbered.

The authors must try to avoid using footnotes or endnotes unless their use is essential. Instead, the APA 7 referencing system should be used. If the authors feel that they should use footnotes, they must prefer Daytona or Times New Roman, font size 7. Emphasis should be expressed using quotation marks (“ ”) or italics. Please do not use boldfaced characters in the text. Lists in the text should be horizontal and not vertical. The list should use Roman numerals [(i), (ii), and so on], not Arabic (1, 2). Direct quotes should be 1 cm left-indented from the main text and typed in Daytona or Times New Roman, font size 9. They should not be written in italics. Please refer to the manuscript template for example. The main document to be used for peer review may include the title, abstract, keywords, main body, references, figures and tables, and supplementary materials. The names of all authors and their institutions should not be included in the main document.

Abstract
The abstract should be written in Daytona or Times New Roman fonts and font size 9 with single line spacing, justified to both margins. Abstracts should be between 150 and 350 words. Three to five words, word groups, or expressions representing the manuscript should be given as keywords. Only the initials of the first word of the keywords should be in capital letters. No citations should appear in the abstract. The abstract should include the research purpose, methods, participants, and import and results.

Main Text
Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies should contain the following sections: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Conclusions and Discussion.

The Introduction section may include the conceptual/theoretical framework of the study, the discussion of the relevant literature, and the research purpose including the problem statement or research questions. The discussion of the relevant literature should consistently analyse the relevant literature; emphasize the gaps and inconsistencies in the literature and discuss actions toward solving these problems.

The Methods section needs to include the research design or the type of the study (cross-sectional, longitudinal, survey, experimental, ethnographic, etc.), the description of the sampling procedure (including the description of the population), or the selection of the study group, data collection instruments and procedures, data analysis, and the issues of validity, reliability, and ethics.

The Results section should introduce the results of the research in the forms of texts, tables, and figures, and the interpretation of these results.

The Discussion section of the main text should conclude the previous section, compare them with the relevant literature, and discuss the implications of the research results in consideration of policy, practice, and future research.

Other types of studies can allow slight variations in sections, but they should not contain too many details and sub-sections that could distract readers’ attention and compromise readability.

Tables and Figures
Tables, figures, pictures, graphics, and similar aspects should be embedded in the text, and not provided as appendices. Please locate tables as editable text and not as images however figures might be presented in different forms as images etc. For tables and figures, please use Daytona or Times New Roman, font size 8. While generating tables, ensure that the indentation under the paragraph tab is as follows: before and after 0, single spacing. Tables and figures should be left-aligned, and the text wrapping feature should be turned off. Table and figure numbers should be typed in Daytona or Times New Roman, font size 9 as “Table 1” or “Figure 1” (as bold), but the remaining text in the headings of the tables and figures should be standard as “Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of the Participating Middle School Students”, only the initials in capital letters, excluding conjunction words, articles, and prepositions.

Citations and References  

Both in-text citations and references should comply with the APA guidelines as provided in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) (7th edition).  <top>

APA Manual 7th edition: The most notable changes

• The publisher's location is no longer included in the reference.

• Covey, S. R. (2013). The 7 habits of highly effective people: Powerful lessons in personal change. Simon & Schuster.

The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is now shortened right from the first citation. You only include the first author’s name and “et al.”.

(Taylor et al., 2018)

• Surnames and initials for up to 20 authors (instead of 7) should be provided in the reference list.

Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. B., Kelly, R. S., Turner, S. T., Lewis, F., Lee, L. H., Cox, G., Harris, H. L., Martin, P., Gonzalez, W. L., Hughes, W., Carter, D., Campbell, C., Baker, A. B., Flores, T., Gray, W. E., Green, G., … Nelson, T. P. (2018).

• DOI’s are formatted the same as URLs. The label “DOI:” is no longer necessary.

https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2018.1560449

• URLs are no longer preceded by “Retrieved from,” unless a retrieval date is needed. The website name is included (unless it’s the same as the author), and web page titles are italicized.

Walker, A. (2019, November 14). Germany avoids recession but growth remains weak. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50419127

• For ebooks, the format, platform, or device (e.g., Kindle) is no longer included in the reference, and the publisher is included.

Brück, M. (2009). Women in early British and Irish astronomy: Stars and satellites. Springer Nature. https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2473-2

Clear guidelines are provided for including contributors other than authors and editors. For example, when citing a podcast episode, the host of the episode should be included; for a TV series episode, the writer and director of that episode are cited.

• Dozens of examples are included for online source types such as podcast episodes, social media posts, and YouTube videos. The use of emojis and hashtags is also explained.

• The singular “they” or “their” is endorsed as a gender-neutral pronoun.

A researcher’s career depends on how often he or she is cited. (x)
A researcher’s career depends on how often they are cited. (+)

• Instead of using adjectives as nouns to label groups of people, descriptive phrases are preferred.

The poor (X)
People living in poverty (+)

• Instead of broad categories, you should use exact age ranges that are more relevant and specific. 

People in the age range of 65 to 75 years old

• Use double quotation marks instead of italics to refer to linguistic examples.

• APA endorses the use of the singular pronoun “they”

Reference:
Streefkerk, R. (2020, February). APA Manual 7th edition: The most notable changes. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/apa-style/apa-seventh-edition-changes/

Some Examples of Citing and Referencing

Journal Article
Edwards, A. A., Steacy, L. M., Siegelman, N., Rigobon, V. M., Kearns, D. M., Rueckl, J. G., & Compton, D. L. (2022). Unpacking the unique relationship between set for variability and word reading development: Examining word- and child-level predictors of performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 114(6), 1242–1256. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000696

Authored Book
Kaufman, K. A., Glass, C. R., & Pineau, T. R. (2018). Mindful sport performance enhancement: Mental training for athletes and coaches. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000048-000

Edited Book Chapter
Zeleke, W. A., Hughes, T. L., & Drozda, N. (2020). Home–school collaboration to promote mind–body health. In C. Maykel & M. A. Bray (Eds.), Promoting mind–body health in schools: Interventions for mental health professionals (pp. 11–26). American Psychological Association.  https://doi.org/10.1037/0000157-002

Conference Session
Davidson, R. J. (2019, August 8–11). Well-being is a skill [Conference session]. APA 2019 Convention, Chicago, IL, United States. https://irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com/a5ea5d51/files/uploaded/APA2019Program_190708.pdf

Dissertation From a Database
Horvath-Plyman, M. (2018). Social media and the college student journey: An examination of how social media use impacts social capital and affects college choice, access, and transition (Publication No. 10937367). [Doctoral dissertation, New York University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

Organizational Reports
In-text:

First standard citation (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2019), subsequent standard citation (OECD, 2019), in-text citation (if it appears for the first time) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), (2019), subsequent in-text citation OECD (2012), citation for a paraphrasing or a direct quotation (if it appears for the first time) (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2019, p.16),  subsequent citation for a paraphrasing or a direct quotation (OECD, 2019, p. 16).

In reference list:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2019). PISA 2018 assessment and analytical framework. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/b25efab8-en

Webpage
Chandler, N. (2020, April 9). What’s the difference between Sasquatch and Bigfoot? HowStuffWorks.

https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/strange-creatures/sasquatch-bigfoot-difference.htm

Webpage on a News Website (Section 10.16)
Machado, J., & Turner, K. (2020, March 7). The future of feminism. Vox.

https://www.vox.com/identities/2020/3/7/21163193/international-womens-day-2020

Webpage With a Retrieval Date
Center for Systems Science and Engineering. (2020, May 6). COVID-19 dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). Johns Hopkins University & Medicine, Coronavirus Resource Center. Retrieved May 6, 2020, from https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

Online Magazine Article
Thomson, J. (2022, September 8). Massive, strange white structures appear on Utah’s Great Salt Lake. Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/mysterious-mounds-great-salt-lake-utah-explained-mirabilite-1741151

Print Magazine Article 
Nicholl, K. (2020, May). A royal spark. Vanity Fair, 62(5), 56–65, 100.

Online Newspaper Article
Roberts, S. (2020, April 9). Early string ties us to Neanderthals. The New York Times.

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/09/science/neanderthals-fiber-string-math.html

Print Newspaper Article
Reynolds, G. (2019, April 9). Different strokes for athletic hearts. The New York Times, D4.

Online Dictionary Entry
American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Internet addiction. In APA dictionary of psychology. Retrieved April 24, 2022, from https://dictionary.apa.org/internet-addiction

Report by a Group Author
World Health Organization. (2014). Comprehensive implementation plan on maternal, infant and young child nutrition. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/113048/WHO_NMH_NHD_14.1eng.pdf?ua=1

Report by Individual Authors
Winthrop, R., Ziegler, L., Handa, R., & Fakoya, F. (2019). How playful learning can help leapfrog progress in education? Center for Universal Education at Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/how_playful_learning_can_help_leapfrog_progress_in_education.pdf

Press Release
American Psychological Association. (2020, March 2). APA reaffirms psychologists’ role in combating climate change [Press release]. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2020/03/combating-climate-change

Preprint Article
Latimier, A., Peyre, H., & Ramus, F. (2020). A meta-analytic review of the benefit of spacing out retrieval practice episodes on retention. PsyArXiv.

https://psyarxiv.com/kzy7u/

Data Set
O’Donohue, W. (2017). Content analysis of undergraduate psychology textbooks (ICPSR 21600; Version V1) [Data set]. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36966.v1

Film or Video
Docter, P., & Del Carmen, R. (Directors). (2015). Inside out [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures; Pixar Animation Studios.

TV Series Episode
Dippold, K. (Writer), & Trim, M. (Director). (2011, April 14). Fancy party (Season 3, Episode 9) [TV series episode]. In G. Daniels, H. Klein, D. Miner, & M. Schur (Executive Producers), Parks and recreation. Deedle-Dee Productions; Fremulon; 3 Arts Entertainment; Universal Media Studios.

Webinar
Kamin, H. S., Lee, C. L., & McAdoo, T. L. (2020). Creating references using seventh edition APA Style [Webinar]. American Psychological Association. https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/tutorials-webinars

YouTube Video
Above The Noise. (2017, October 18). Can procrastination be a good thing? [Video]. YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQMwmBNNOnQ

Song or Track
Nirvana. (1991). Smells like teen spirit [Song]. On Nevermind. DGC.

Radio Broadcast
Hersher, R. (2020, March 19). Spring starts today all over America, which is weird [Radio broadcast]. NPR.

https://www.npr.org/2020/03/19/817237429/spring-starts-today-all-over america-which-is-weird

Podcast Episode
Santos, L. (Host). (n.d.) Psychopaths and superheroes (No. 1) [Audio podcast episode]. In The happiness lab with Dr. Laurie Santos. Pushkin Industries. https://www.happinesslab.fm/season-2-episodes/episode-1

PowerPoint From a Classroom Website
Mack, R., & Spake, G. (2018). Citing open source images and formatting references for presentations [PowerPoint slides].

Canvas@FNU. https://fnu.onelogin.com/login

Tweet (Section 10.15)
Obama, B. [@BarackObama]. (2020, April 7). It’s World Health Day, and we owe a profound debt of gratitude to all our medical professionals. They’re still giving [Tweet]. Twitter.

https://twitter.com/

BarackObama/status/1247555328365023238

Open Educational Resource
Fagan, J. (2019, March 25). Nursing clinical brain. OER Commons. Retrieved January 7, 2020, from

https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/53029-nursing-clinical-brain/view

Blog Post
Rutledge, P. (2019, March 11). The upside of social media. The Media Psychology Blog. https://www.pamelarutledge.com/2019/03/11/the-upside-of-social-media/

Appendices
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